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mirror of https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv.git synced 2024-09-20 12:02:23 +02:00
mpv/video/out/vo.c
wm4 5b64f5ad35 video: take refresh rate changes into account
This works only on X11, and only if the refresh rate changes due to the
window being moved to another screen (detected by us). It doesn't
include system screen reconfiguration yet.

This calls VOCTRL_GET_DISPLAY_FPS on every frame, which makes me uneasy.
It means extra thread communication with the win32 and Cocoa backends.
On the other hand, a frame doesn't happen _that_ often, and the
communication should still be pretty cheap and fast, so it's probably
ok.

Also needs some extra fuzz for vo_vdpau.c, because that does everything
differently.
2014-08-17 02:50:59 +02:00

802 lines
23 KiB
C

/*
* This file is part of MPlayer.
*
* MPlayer is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* MPlayer is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with MPlayer; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#ifndef __MINGW32__
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#endif
#include "talloc.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "osdep/timer.h"
#include "osdep/threads.h"
#include "misc/dispatch.h"
#include "misc/rendezvous.h"
#include "options/options.h"
#include "bstr/bstr.h"
#include "vo.h"
#include "aspect.h"
#include "input/input.h"
#include "options/m_config.h"
#include "common/msg.h"
#include "common/global.h"
#include "video/mp_image.h"
#include "video/vfcap.h"
#include "sub/osd.h"
#include "osdep/io.h"
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_x11;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_vdpau;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_xv;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_opengl;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_opengl_hq;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_opengl_old;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_null;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_image;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_lavc;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_caca;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_direct3d;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_direct3d_shaders;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_sdl;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_corevideo;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_vaapi;
extern const struct vo_driver video_out_wayland;
const struct vo_driver *const video_out_drivers[] =
{
#if HAVE_VDPAU
&video_out_vdpau,
#endif
#if HAVE_GL
&video_out_opengl,
#endif
#if HAVE_DIRECT3D
&video_out_direct3d_shaders,
&video_out_direct3d,
#endif
#if HAVE_COREVIDEO
&video_out_corevideo,
#endif
#if HAVE_XV
&video_out_xv,
#endif
#if HAVE_SDL2
&video_out_sdl,
#endif
#if HAVE_GL
&video_out_opengl_old,
#endif
#if HAVE_VAAPI
&video_out_vaapi,
#endif
#if HAVE_X11
&video_out_x11,
#endif
&video_out_null,
// should not be auto-selected
&video_out_image,
#if HAVE_CACA
&video_out_caca,
#endif
#if HAVE_ENCODING
&video_out_lavc,
#endif
#if HAVE_GL
&video_out_opengl_hq,
#endif
#if HAVE_WAYLAND
&video_out_wayland,
#endif
NULL
};
struct vo_internal {
pthread_t thread;
struct mp_dispatch_queue *dispatch;
// --- The following fields are protected by lock
pthread_mutex_t lock;
pthread_cond_t wakeup;
bool need_wakeup;
bool terminate;
int wakeup_pipe[2]; // used for VOs that use a unix FD for waiting
bool hasframe;
bool request_redraw;
bool paused;
int64_t flip_queue_offset; // queue flip events at most this much in advance
int64_t last_flip;
int64_t drop_count;
bool dropped_frame; // the previous frame was dropped
struct mp_image *dropped_image; // used to possibly redraw the dropped frame
int64_t wakeup_pts; // time at which to pull frame from decoder
bool rendering; // true if an image is being rendered
struct mp_image *frame_queued; // the image that should be rendered
int64_t frame_pts; // realtime of intended display
int64_t frame_duration; // realtime frame duration (for framedrop)
// --- The following fields can be accessed from the VO thread only
int64_t vsync_interval;
char *window_title;
};
static void forget_frames(struct vo *vo);
static void *vo_thread(void *ptr);
static bool get_desc(struct m_obj_desc *dst, int index)
{
if (index >= MP_ARRAY_SIZE(video_out_drivers) - 1)
return false;
const struct vo_driver *vo = video_out_drivers[index];
*dst = (struct m_obj_desc) {
.name = vo->name,
.description = vo->description,
.priv_size = vo->priv_size,
.priv_defaults = vo->priv_defaults,
.options = vo->options,
.hidden = vo->encode,
.p = vo,
};
return true;
}
// For the vo option
const struct m_obj_list vo_obj_list = {
.get_desc = get_desc,
.description = "video outputs",
.aliases = {
{"gl", "opengl"},
{"gl3", "opengl-hq"},
{0}
},
.allow_unknown_entries = true,
.allow_trailer = true,
};
static void dispatch_wakeup_cb(void *ptr)
{
struct vo *vo = ptr;
vo_wakeup(vo);
}
// Does not include thread- and VO uninit.
static void dealloc_vo(struct vo *vo)
{
forget_frames(vo); // implicitly synchronized
pthread_mutex_destroy(&vo->in->lock);
pthread_cond_destroy(&vo->in->wakeup);
for (int n = 0; n < 2; n++)
close(vo->in->wakeup_pipe[n]);
talloc_free(vo);
}
static struct vo *vo_create(struct mpv_global *global,
struct input_ctx *input_ctx, struct osd_state *osd,
struct encode_lavc_context *encode_lavc_ctx,
char *name, char **args)
{
struct mp_log *log = mp_log_new(NULL, global->log, "vo");
struct m_obj_desc desc;
if (!m_obj_list_find(&desc, &vo_obj_list, bstr0(name))) {
mp_msg(log, MSGL_ERR, "Video output %s not found!\n", name);
talloc_free(log);
return NULL;
};
struct vo *vo = talloc_ptrtype(NULL, vo);
*vo = (struct vo) {
.log = mp_log_new(vo, log, name),
.driver = desc.p,
.opts = &global->opts->vo,
.global = global,
.encode_lavc_ctx = encode_lavc_ctx,
.input_ctx = input_ctx,
.osd = osd,
.event_fd = -1,
.monitor_par = 1,
.in = talloc(vo, struct vo_internal),
};
talloc_steal(vo, log);
*vo->in = (struct vo_internal) {
.dispatch = mp_dispatch_create(vo),
};
mp_make_wakeup_pipe(vo->in->wakeup_pipe);
mp_dispatch_set_wakeup_fn(vo->in->dispatch, dispatch_wakeup_cb, vo);
pthread_mutex_init(&vo->in->lock, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&vo->in->wakeup, NULL);
mp_input_set_mouse_transform(vo->input_ctx, NULL, NULL);
if (vo->driver->encode != !!vo->encode_lavc_ctx)
goto error;
struct m_config *config = m_config_from_obj_desc(vo, vo->log, &desc);
if (m_config_apply_defaults(config, name, vo->opts->vo_defs) < 0)
goto error;
if (m_config_set_obj_params(config, args) < 0)
goto error;
vo->priv = config->optstruct;
if (pthread_create(&vo->in->thread, NULL, vo_thread, vo))
goto error;
if (mp_rendezvous(vo, 0) < 0) { // init barrier
pthread_join(vo->in->thread, NULL);
goto error;
}
return vo;
error:
dealloc_vo(vo);
return NULL;
}
struct vo *init_best_video_out(struct mpv_global *global,
struct input_ctx *input_ctx,
struct osd_state *osd,
struct encode_lavc_context *encode_lavc_ctx)
{
struct m_obj_settings *vo_list = global->opts->vo.video_driver_list;
// first try the preferred drivers, with their optional subdevice param:
if (vo_list && vo_list[0].name) {
for (int n = 0; vo_list[n].name; n++) {
// Something like "-vo name," allows fallback to autoprobing.
if (strlen(vo_list[n].name) == 0)
goto autoprobe;
struct vo *vo = vo_create(global, input_ctx, osd, encode_lavc_ctx,
vo_list[n].name, vo_list[n].attribs);
if (vo)
return vo;
}
return NULL;
}
autoprobe:
// now try the rest...
for (int i = 0; video_out_drivers[i]; i++) {
struct vo *vo = vo_create(global, input_ctx, osd, encode_lavc_ctx,
(char *)video_out_drivers[i]->name, NULL);
if (vo)
return vo;
}
return NULL;
}
void vo_destroy(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
mp_dispatch_lock(in->dispatch);
vo->in->terminate = true;
mp_dispatch_unlock(in->dispatch);
pthread_join(vo->in->thread, NULL);
dealloc_vo(vo);
}
// to be called from VO thread only
static void update_display_fps(struct vo *vo)
{
double display_fps = 1000.0; // assume infinite if unset
if (vo->global->opts->frame_drop_fps > 0) {
display_fps = vo->global->opts->frame_drop_fps;
} else {
vo->driver->control(vo, VOCTRL_GET_DISPLAY_FPS, &display_fps);
}
int64_t n_interval = MPMAX((int64_t)(1e6 / display_fps), 1);
if (vo->in->vsync_interval != n_interval)
MP_VERBOSE(vo, "Assuming %f FPS for framedrop.\n", display_fps);
vo->in->vsync_interval = n_interval;
}
static void check_vo_caps(struct vo *vo)
{
int rot = vo->params->rotate;
if (rot) {
bool ok = rot % 90 ? false : (vo->driver->caps & VO_CAP_ROTATE90);
if (!ok) {
MP_WARN(vo, "Video is flagged as rotated by %d degrees, but the "
"video output does not support this.\n", rot);
}
}
}
static void run_reconfig(void *p)
{
void **pp = p;
struct vo *vo = pp[0];
struct mp_image_params *params = pp[1];
int flags = *(int *)pp[2];
int *ret = pp[3];
vo->dwidth = params->d_w;
vo->dheight = params->d_h;
talloc_free(vo->params);
vo->params = talloc_memdup(vo, params, sizeof(*params));
*ret = vo->driver->reconfig(vo, vo->params, flags);
vo->config_ok = *ret >= 0;
if (vo->config_ok) {
check_vo_caps(vo);
} else {
talloc_free(vo->params);
vo->params = NULL;
}
forget_frames(vo); // implicitly synchronized
update_display_fps(vo);
}
int vo_reconfig(struct vo *vo, struct mp_image_params *params, int flags)
{
int ret;
void *p[] = {vo, params, &flags, &ret};
mp_dispatch_run(vo->in->dispatch, run_reconfig, p);
return ret;
}
static void run_control(void *p)
{
void **pp = p;
struct vo *vo = pp[0];
uint32_t request = *(int *)pp[1];
void *data = pp[2];
if (request == VOCTRL_UPDATE_WINDOW_TITLE) // legacy fallback
vo->in->window_title = talloc_strdup(vo, data);
int ret = vo->driver->control(vo, request, data);
*(int *)pp[3] = ret;
}
int vo_control(struct vo *vo, uint32_t request, void *data)
{
int ret;
void *p[] = {vo, &request, data, &ret};
mp_dispatch_run(vo->in->dispatch, run_control, p);
return ret;
}
// must be called locked
static void forget_frames(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
in->hasframe = false;
in->drop_count = 0;
mp_image_unrefp(&in->frame_queued);
mp_image_unrefp(&in->dropped_image);
}
#ifndef __MINGW32__
static void wait_event_fd(struct vo *vo, int64_t until_time)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
struct pollfd fds[2] = {
{ .fd = vo->event_fd, .events = POLLIN },
{ .fd = in->wakeup_pipe[0], .events = POLLIN },
};
int64_t wait_us = until_time - mp_time_us();
int timeout_ms = MPCLAMP((wait_us + 500) / 1000, 0, 10000);
poll(fds, 2, timeout_ms);
if (fds[1].revents & POLLIN) {
char buf[100];
read(in->wakeup_pipe[0], buf, sizeof(buf)); // flush
}
}
static void wakeup_event_fd(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
write(in->wakeup_pipe[1], &(char){0}, 1);
}
#else
static void wait_event_fd(struct vo *vo, int64_t until_time){}
static void wakeup_event_fd(struct vo *vo){}
#endif
// Called unlocked.
static void wait_vo(struct vo *vo, int64_t until_time)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
if (vo->event_fd >= 0) {
wait_event_fd(vo, until_time);
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
in->need_wakeup = false;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
} else if (vo->driver->wait_events) {
vo->driver->wait_events(vo, until_time);
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
in->need_wakeup = false;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
} else {
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
if (!in->need_wakeup)
mpthread_cond_timedwait(&in->wakeup, &in->lock, until_time);
in->need_wakeup = false;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
}
static void wakeup_locked(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_cond_signal(&in->wakeup);
if (vo->event_fd >= 0)
wakeup_event_fd(vo);
if (vo->driver->wakeup)
vo->driver->wakeup(vo);
in->need_wakeup = true;
}
// Wakeup VO thread, and make it check for new events with VOCTRL_CHECK_EVENTS.
// To be used by threaded VO backends.
void vo_wakeup(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
wakeup_locked(vo);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
// Whether vo_queue_frame() can be called. If the VO is not ready yet, the
// function will return false, and the VO will call the wakeup callback once
// it's ready.
// next_pts is the exact time when the next frame should be displayed. If the
// VO is ready, but the time is too "early", return false, and call the wakeup
// callback once the time is right.
bool vo_is_ready_for_frame(struct vo *vo, int64_t next_pts)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
bool r = vo->config_ok && !in->frame_queued;
if (r) {
// Don't show the frame too early - it would basically freeze the
// display by disallowing OSD redrawing or VO interaction.
// Actually render the frame at earliest 50ms before target time.
next_pts -= 0.050 * 1e6;
next_pts -= in->flip_queue_offset;
int64_t now = mp_time_us();
if (next_pts > now)
r = false;
if (!in->wakeup_pts || next_pts < in->wakeup_pts) {
in->wakeup_pts = next_pts;
wakeup_locked(vo);
}
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
return r;
}
// Direct the VO thread to put the currently queued image on the screen.
// vo_is_ready_for_frame() must have returned true before this call.
// Ownership of the image is handed to the vo.
void vo_queue_frame(struct vo *vo, struct mp_image *image,
int64_t pts_us, int64_t duration)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
assert(vo->config_ok && !in->frame_queued);
in->hasframe = true;
in->frame_queued = image;
in->frame_pts = pts_us;
in->frame_duration = duration;
in->wakeup_pts = in->frame_pts + MPMAX(duration, 0);
wakeup_locked(vo);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
// If a frame is currently being rendered (or queued), wait until it's done.
// Otherwise, return immediately.
void vo_wait_frame(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
while (in->frame_queued || in->rendering)
pthread_cond_wait(&in->wakeup, &in->lock);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
static int64_t prev_sync(struct vo *vo, int64_t ts)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
int64_t diff = (int64_t)(ts - in->last_flip);
int64_t offset = diff % in->vsync_interval;
if (offset < 0)
offset += in->vsync_interval;
return ts - offset;
}
static bool render_frame(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
update_display_fps(vo);
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
int64_t pts = in->frame_pts;
int64_t duration = in->frame_duration;
struct mp_image *img = in->frame_queued;
if (!img) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
return false;
}
mp_image_unrefp(&in->dropped_image);
in->rendering = true;
in->frame_queued = NULL;
// The next time a flip (probably) happens.
int64_t next_vsync = prev_sync(vo, mp_time_us()) + in->vsync_interval;
int64_t end_time = pts + duration;
in->dropped_frame = end_time < next_vsync;
in->dropped_frame &= !!(vo->global->opts->frame_dropping & 1);
in->dropped_frame &= !(vo->driver->caps & VO_CAP_FRAMEDROP) &&
!vo->driver->untimed && !vo->driver->encode;
// Even if we're hopelessly behind, rather degrade to 10 FPS playback,
// instead of just freezing the display forever.
in->dropped_frame &= mp_time_us() - in->last_flip < 100 * 1000;
if (in->dropped_frame) {
in->drop_count += 1;
in->dropped_image = img;
} else {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
vo->driver->draw_image(vo, img);
int64_t target = pts - in->flip_queue_offset;
while (1) {
int64_t now = mp_time_us();
if (target <= now)
break;
mp_sleep_us(target - now);
}
if (vo->driver->flip_page_timed)
vo->driver->flip_page_timed(vo, pts, duration);
else
vo->driver->flip_page(vo);
in->last_flip = mp_time_us();
MP_DBG(vo, "phase: %ld\n", (long)(in->last_flip % in->vsync_interval));
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
}
vo->want_redraw = false;
in->request_redraw = false;
in->rendering = false;
pthread_cond_signal(&in->wakeup); // for vo_wait_frame()
mp_input_wakeup(vo->input_ctx);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
return true;
}
static void do_redraw(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
vo->want_redraw = false;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
in->request_redraw = false;
bool skip = !in->paused && in->dropped_frame;
struct mp_image *img = in->dropped_image;
if (!skip) {
in->dropped_image = NULL;
in->dropped_frame = false;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
if (!vo->config_ok || skip)
return;
if (img) {
vo->driver->draw_image(vo, img);
} else {
if (vo->driver->control(vo, VOCTRL_REDRAW_FRAME, NULL) < 1)
return;
}
if (vo->driver->flip_page_timed)
vo->driver->flip_page_timed(vo, 0, -1);
else
vo->driver->flip_page(vo);
}
static void *vo_thread(void *ptr)
{
struct vo *vo = ptr;
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
int r = vo->driver->preinit(vo) ? -1 : 0;
mp_rendezvous(vo, r); // init barrier
if (r < 0)
return NULL;
while (1) {
mp_dispatch_queue_process(vo->in->dispatch, 0);
if (in->terminate)
break;
vo->driver->control(vo, VOCTRL_CHECK_EVENTS, NULL);
bool frame_shown = render_frame(vo);
int64_t now = mp_time_us();
int64_t wait_until = now + (frame_shown ? 0 : (int64_t)1e9);
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
if (in->wakeup_pts) {
if (in->wakeup_pts > now) {
wait_until = MPMIN(wait_until, in->wakeup_pts);
} else {
in->wakeup_pts = 0;
mp_input_wakeup(vo->input_ctx);
}
}
vo->want_redraw |= in->request_redraw;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
if (wait_until > now && vo->want_redraw) {
do_redraw(vo); // now is a good time
continue;
}
wait_vo(vo, wait_until);
}
forget_frames(vo); // implicitly synchronized
vo->driver->uninit(vo);
return NULL;
}
void vo_set_paused(struct vo *vo, bool paused)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
if (in->paused != paused) {
in->paused = true;
if (in->paused && in->dropped_frame)
in->request_redraw = true;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
vo_control(vo, paused ? VOCTRL_PAUSE : VOCTRL_RESUME, NULL);
}
int64_t vo_get_drop_count(struct vo *vo)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&vo->in->lock);
int64_t r = vo->in->drop_count;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&vo->in->lock);
return r;
}
// Make the VO redraw the OSD at some point in the future.
void vo_redraw(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
if (!in->request_redraw) {
in->request_redraw = true;
wakeup_locked(vo);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
void vo_seek_reset(struct vo *vo)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&vo->in->lock);
forget_frames(vo);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&vo->in->lock);
vo_control(vo, VOCTRL_RESET, NULL);
}
// Return true if there is still a frame being displayed (or queued).
// If this returns true, a wakeup some time in the future is guaranteed.
bool vo_still_displaying(struct vo *vo)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&vo->in->lock);
int64_t now = mp_time_us();
int64_t frame_end = in->frame_pts + MPMAX(in->frame_duration, 0);
bool working = now < frame_end || in->rendering || in->frame_queued;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&vo->in->lock);
return working && in->hasframe;
}
// Whether at least 1 frame was queued or rendered since last seek or reconfig.
bool vo_has_frame(struct vo *vo)
{
return vo->in->hasframe;
}
// Calculate the appropriate source and destination rectangle to
// get a correctly scaled picture, including pan-scan.
// out_src: visible part of the video
// out_dst: area of screen covered by the video source rectangle
// out_osd: OSD size, OSD margins, etc.
// Must be called from the VO thread only.
void vo_get_src_dst_rects(struct vo *vo, struct mp_rect *out_src,
struct mp_rect *out_dst, struct mp_osd_res *out_osd)
{
if (!vo->params) {
*out_src = *out_dst = (struct mp_rect){0};
*out_osd = (struct mp_osd_res){0};
return;
}
mp_get_src_dst_rects(vo->log, vo->opts, vo->driver->caps, vo->params,
vo->dwidth, vo->dheight, vo->monitor_par,
out_src, out_dst, out_osd);
}
// Return the window title the VO should set. Always returns a null terminated
// string. The string is valid until frontend code is invoked again. Copy it if
// you need to keep the string for an extended period of time.
// Must be called from the VO thread only.
// Don't use for new code.
const char *vo_get_window_title(struct vo *vo)
{
if (!vo->in->window_title)
vo->in->window_title = talloc_strdup(vo, "");
return vo->in->window_title;
}
// flip_page[_timed] will be called this many microseconds too early.
// (For vo_vdpau, which does its own timing.)
void vo_set_flip_queue_offset(struct vo *vo, int64_t us)
{
struct vo_internal *in = vo->in;
pthread_mutex_lock(&in->lock);
in->flip_queue_offset = us;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&in->lock);
}
int64_t vo_get_vsync_interval(struct vo *vo)
{
return vo->in->vsync_interval;
}
/**
* \brief lookup an integer in a table, table must have 0 as the last key
* \param key key to search for
* \result translation corresponding to key or "to" value of last mapping
* if not found.
*/
int lookup_keymap_table(const struct mp_keymap *map, int key)
{
while (map->from && map->from != key)
map++;
return map->to;
}