openvpn3/client/ovpncli.hpp

//    OpenVPN -- An application to securely tunnel IP networks
//               over a single port, with support for SSL/TLS-based
//               session authentication and key exchange,
//               packet encryption, packet authentication, and
//               packet compression.
//
//    Copyright (C) 2012 - 2024 OpenVPN Inc.
//
//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
//    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License Version 3
//    as published by the Free Software Foundation.
//
//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
//    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
//    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
//    along with this program in the COPYING file.
//    If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// API for OpenVPN Client, may be used standalone or wrapped by swig.
// Use ovpncli.i to wrap the API for swig.
// The crux of the API is defined in OpenVPNClient (below)
// and TunBuilderBase.

#include <string>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <optional>

#include <openvpn/tun/builder/base.hpp>
#include <openvpn/tun/extern/fw.hpp>
#include <openvpn/pki/epkibase.hpp>
#include <openvpn/transport/client/extern/fw.hpp>

namespace openvpn {
class OptionList;
class ProfileMerge;
class Stop;

namespace InitProcess {
class Init;
};

namespace ClientAPI {
// Represents an OpenVPN server and its friendly name
// (client reads)
struct ServerEntry
{
    std::string server;
    std::string friendlyName;
};

/**
    @brief Struct containing configuration details parsed from an OpenVPN configuration file.
    @details
    This struct holds various properties extracted from an OpenVPN configuration file, such as
    error status, profile name, autologin flag, external PKI flag, VPN server CA, static
    challenge, private key password requirement, remote host information, list of selectable VPN
    servers, Windows driver, and DCO compatibility details.
*/
struct EvalConfig
{
    // true if error
    bool error = false;

    // if error, message given here
    std::string message;

    // this username must be used with profile
    std::string userlockedUsername;

    // profile name of config
    std::string profileName;

    // "friendly" name of config
    std::string friendlyName;

    // true: no creds required, false: username/password required
    bool autologin = false;

    // if true, this is an External PKI profile (no cert or key directives)
    bool externalPki = false;

    // VPN server CA in PEM format as given in the configuration. This is the CA, the
    // VPN server certificate is checked against. This is not a parsed version so it
    // can have extra lines around the actual certificates that an X509 parser would
    // ignore.
    // Note that this can can be empty if the profile uses --peer-fingerprint instead of traditional PKI check.
    std::string vpnCa;

    // static challenge, may be empty, ignored if autologin
    std::string staticChallenge;

    // true if static challenge response should be echoed to UI, ignored if autologin
    bool staticChallengeEcho = false;

    // true if this profile requires a private key password
    bool privateKeyPasswordRequired = false;

    // true if user is allowed to save authentication password in UI
    bool allowPasswordSave = false;

    // information about the first remote item in config
    std::string remoteHost; // will be overridden by Config::serverOverride if defined
    std::string remotePort;
    std::string remoteProto;

    // optional list of user-selectable VPN servers
    std::vector<ServerEntry> serverList;

    // optional, values are "tap-windows6" and "wintun"
    std::string windowsDriver;

    bool dcoCompatible;
    std::string dcoIncompatibilityReason;
};

// used to pass credentials to VPN core
// (client writes)
struct ProvideCreds
{
    std::string username;
    std::string password;

    std::string http_proxy_user;
    std::string http_proxy_pass;

    // response to challenge
    std::string response;

    // Dynamic challenge/response cookie
    std::string dynamicChallengeCookie;
};

// used to get session token from VPN core
// (client reads)
struct SessionToken
{
    std::string username;
    std::string session_id; // an OpenVPN Session ID, used as a proxy for password
};

// used to query challenge/response from user
// (client reads)
struct DynamicChallenge
{
    std::string challenge;
    bool echo = false;
    bool responseRequired = false;

    std::string stateID;
};

// a basic key/value pair, used in Config below when OpenVPN profile is
// passed as a dictionary
struct KeyValue
{
    KeyValue()
    {
    }

    KeyValue(std::string key_arg, std::string value_arg)
        : key(std::move(key_arg)),
          value(std::move(value_arg))
    {
    }

    std::string key;
    std::string value;
};

/* Settings in this struct do not need to be parsed, so we can share them
 * between the parsed and unparsed client settings */
struct ConfigCommon
{
    // Set to identity OpenVPN GUI version.
    // Format should be "<gui_identifier><space><version>"
    // Passed to server as IV_GUI_VER.
    std::string guiVersion;

    // Set to a comma separated list of supported SSO mechanisms that may
    // be signalled via INFO_PRE to the client.
    // "openurl"   deprecated version of webauth
    // "webauth" to continue authentication by opening an url in a browser
    // "crtext" gives a challenge response in text format that needs to
    // responded via control channel. (
    // Passed to the server as IV_SSO
    std::string ssoMethods;

    // Set to a comma separated list of supported custom app control channel
    // protocols. The semantics of these protocols are determined by the
    // app/server and not by the OpenVPN protocol.
    std::string appCustomProtocols;

    // Override the string that is passed as IV_HWADDR to the server
    std::string hwAddrOverride;

    // Set the string that is passed to the server as IV_PLAT_VER
    std::string platformVersion;

    // Use a different server than that specified in "remote"
    // option of profile
    std::string serverOverride;

    // Use a different port than that specified in "remote"
    // option of profile
    std::string portOverride;

    // Connection timeout in seconds, or 0 to retry indefinitely
    int connTimeout = 0;

    // Keep tun interface active during pauses or reconnections
    bool tunPersist = false;

    // If true and a redirect-gateway profile doesn't also define
    // DNS servers, use the standard Google DNS servers.
    bool googleDnsFallback = false;

    // if true, do synchronous DNS lookup.
    bool synchronousDnsLookup = false;

    // Enable autologin sessions
    bool autologinSessions = true;

    // If true, consider AUTH_FAILED to be a non-fatal error,
    // and retry the connection after a pause.
    bool retryOnAuthFailed = false;

    // If true, don't send client cert/key to peer.
    bool disableClientCert = false;

    // SSL library debug level
    int sslDebugLevel = 0;

    // private key password (optional)
    std::string privateKeyPassword;

    // Default key direction parameter for tls-auth (0, 1, or
    // -1 (bidirectional -- default)) if no key-direction parameter
    // defined in profile.  Generally should be -1 (bidirectional)
    // for compatibility with 2.x branch
    int defaultKeyDirection = -1;

    // Override the minimum TLS version:
    // Will not lower the minimum if already a higher minimum has been
    // specified by tls-version-min in the profile
    //   disabled -- don't specify a minimum, and disable any minimum
    //               specified in profile
    //   default or ""  -- use profile minimum or system minimum
    //   tls_1_0  -- use TLS 1.0 minimum
    //   tls_1_1  -- use TLS 1.1 minimum
    //   tls_1_2     -- use TLS 1.2 minimum
    //   tls_1_3     -- use TLS 1.3 minimum


    std::string tlsVersionMinOverride;

    // Override or default the tls-cert-profile setting:
    //   default or ""     -- use profile default
    //   legacy            -- allow 1024-bit RSA certs signed with SHA1
    //   preferred         -- require at least 2048-bit RSA certs signed
    //                        with SHA256 or higher
    //   suiteb            -- require NSA Suite-B
    //   legacy-default    -- use legacy as the default if profile
    //                        doesn't specify tls-cert-profile
    //   preferred-default -- use preferred as the default if profile
    //                        doesn't specify tls-cert-profile
    std::string tlsCertProfileOverride;

    // Overrides the list of tls ciphers like the tls-cipher option
    std::string tlsCipherList;

    // Overrides the list of TLS 1.3 ciphersuites like the tls-ciphersuites
    // option
    std::string tlsCiphersuitesList;

    // HTTP Proxy parameters (optional)
    std::string proxyHost;                // hostname or IP address of proxy
    std::string proxyPort;                // port number of proxy
    std::string proxyUsername;            // proxy credentials (optional)
    std::string proxyPassword;            // proxy credentials (optional)
    bool proxyAllowCleartextAuth = false; // enables HTTP Basic auth

    // Custom proxy implementation
    bool altProxy = false;

    // Enable automatic Data Channel Offload
#if defined(ENABLE_OVPNDCO) || defined(ENABLE_OVPNDCOWIN)
    bool dco = true;
#else
    bool dco = false;
#endif

    // pass through pushed "echo" directives via "ECHO" event
    bool echo = false;

    // pass through control channel INFO notifications via "INFO" event
    bool info = false;

    // Allow access to local LAN. This is for platforms like
    // Android that disable local LAN access by default.
    bool allowLocalLanAccess = false;

#ifdef OPENVPN_PLATFORM_ANDROID
    // Instead of setting include and exclude routes, calculate a set of
    // include routes only to emulate the lack of excluding routes
    // (Android earlier than Tiramisu (Android 13))
    bool enableRouteEmulation = true;
#endif

    // Periodic convenience clock tick in milliseconds.
    // Will call clock_tick() at a frequency defined by this parameter.
    // Set to 0 to disable.
    unsigned int clockTickMS = 0;

    // Gremlin configuration (requires that the core is built with OPENVPN_GREMLIN)
    std::string gremlinConfig;

    // Use wintun instead of tap-windows6 on Windows
    bool wintun = false;

    // On Windows allow DNS resolvers on localhost, such as Umbrella Roaming Client
    // This disables adding NRPT rule for "." zone and permits DNS requests to localhost
    bool allowLocalDnsResolvers = false;

    // Allow usage of legacy (cipher) algorithm that are no longer considered safe
    // This includes BF-CBC, single DES and RC2 private key encryption.
    // With OpenSSL 3.0 this also instructs OpenSSL to load the legacy provider.
    bool enableLegacyAlgorithms = false;

    // By default modern OpenVPN version (OpenVPN 2.6 and OpenVPN core 3.7) will only allow
    // preferred algorithms (AES-GCM, Chacha20-Poly1305) that also work with the newer DCO
    // implementations. If this is enabled, we fall back to allowing all algorithms (if these are
    // supported by the crypto library)
    bool enableNonPreferredDCAlgorithms = false;

    // Generate an INFO_JSON/TUN_BUILDER_CAPTURE event
    // with all tun builder properties pushed by server.
    // Currently only implemented on Linux.
    bool generateTunBuilderCaptureEvent = false;
};

// OpenVPN config-file/profile. Includes a few settings that we do not just
// copy but also parse
// (client writes)
struct Config : public ConfigCommon
{
    // OpenVPN profile as a string
    std::string content;

    // OpenVPN profile as series of key/value pairs (may be provided exclusively
    // or in addition to content string above).
    std::vector<KeyValue> contentList;

    // Force a given transport protocol
    // Should be tcp, udp, or adaptive.
    std::string protoOverride;

    // Force transport protocol IP version
    // Should be 4 for IPv4 or 6 for IPv6.
    int protoVersionOverride = 0;

    // allowUnusedAddrFamilies preference
    //  no      -- disable IPv6/IPv4, so tunnel will be IPv4 or IPv6 only if not dualstack
    //  yes     -- Allow continuing using native IPv4/IPv6 connectivity for single IP family tunnel
    //  default (or empty string) -- leave decision to server/config
    std::string allowUnusedAddrFamilies;

    // Compression mode, one of:
    // yes -- allow compression on both uplink and downlink
    // asym -- allow compression on downlink only (i.e. server -> client)
    // no (default if empty) -- support compression stubs only
    std::string compressionMode;

    // An ID used for get-certificate and RSA signing callbacks
    // for External PKI profiles.
    std::string externalPkiAlias;

    // Pass custom key/value pairs to OpenVPN server.
    std::vector<KeyValue> peerInfo;
};

// used to communicate VPN events such as connect, disconnect, etc.
// (client reads)
struct Event
{
    bool error = false; // true if error (fatal or nonfatal)
    bool fatal = false; // true if fatal error (will disconnect)
    std::string name;   // event name
    std::string info;   // additional event info
};

/**
 * Used to signal messages from the peer.
 *
 * There is a special event that uses internal:supported_protocols as
 * protocol and a : separated list as the list of protocols the server
 * pushed to us as supported protocols.
 */
struct AppCustomControlMessageEvent
{
    std::string protocol;
    std::string payload;
};

// used to communicate extra details about successful connection
// (client reads)
struct ConnectionInfo
{
    bool defined = false;
    std::string user;
    std::string serverHost;
    std::string serverPort;
    std::string serverProto;
    std::string serverIp;
    std::string vpnIp4;
    std::string vpnIp6;
    std::string vpnMtu;
    std::string gw4;
    std::string gw6;
    std::string clientIp;
    std::string tunName;
};

// returned by some methods as a status/error indication
// (client reads)
struct Status
{
    bool error = false;  // true if error
    std::string status;  // an optional short error label that identifies the error
    std::string message; // if error, message given here
};

// used to pass log lines
// (client reads)
struct LogInfo
{
    LogInfo()
    {
    }
    LogInfo(std::string str)
        : text(std::move(str))
    {
    }
    std::string text; // log output (usually but not always one line)
};

// receives log messages
struct LogReceiver
{
    virtual void log(const LogInfo &) = 0;
    virtual ~LogReceiver() = default;
};

// used to pass stats for an interface
struct InterfaceStats
{
    long long bytesIn;
    long long packetsIn;
    long long errorsIn;
    long long bytesOut;
    long long packetsOut;
    long long errorsOut;
};

// used to pass basic transport stats
struct TransportStats
{
    long long bytesIn;
    long long bytesOut;
    long long packetsIn;
    long long packetsOut;

    // number of binary milliseconds (1/1024th of a second) since
    // last packet was received, or -1 if undefined
    int lastPacketReceived;
};

// return value of merge_config methods
struct MergeConfig
{
    std::string status;                   // ProfileMerge::Status codes rendered as string
    std::string errorText;                // error string (augments status)
    std::string basename;                 // profile basename
    std::string profileContent;           // unified profile
    std::vector<std::string> refPathList; // list of all reference paths successfully read
};

// base class for External PKI queries
struct ExternalPKIRequestBase
{
    bool error = false;        // true if error occurred (client writes)
    std::string errorText;     // text describing error (client writes)
    bool invalidAlias = false; // true if the error is caused by an invalid alias (client writes)
    std::string alias;         // the alias string, used to query cert/key (client reads)
};

// used to query for External PKI certificate
struct ExternalPKICertRequest : public ExternalPKIRequestBase
{
    // leaf cert
    std::string cert; // (client writes)

    // chain of intermediates and root (optional)
    std::string supportingChain; // (client writes)
};

// Used to request an external certificate signature.
// algorithm will determinate what signature is expected:
// algorithm, hashalg and saltlen together determine what
// should be used. hashalg and saltlen can be empty
// - ECDSA
// 			do a ECDSA signature.
// - ECDSA  hashalg=ALG
// 			Use hashAlg for the ECDSA signature (e.g. SHA512withECDSA in Java)
// - RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
// 			data will be prefixed by an optional PKCS#1 digest prefix per RFC 3447.
// - RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING
// 			Use PSS padding for the signature
// - RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING,saltlen=digest,hashalg=ALG
//			Use a PSS padding with hash algorithm ALG and a salt of length
//			of the digest (hash ALG).
struct ExternalPKISignRequest : public ExternalPKIRequestBase
{
    std::string data; // data rendered as base64 (client reads)
    std::string sig;  // RSA signature, rendered as base64 (client writes)
    std::string algorithm;
    std::string hashalg; // If non-empty use this algorith for hashing (e.g. SHA384)
    std::string saltlen;
};

// used to override "remote" directives
struct RemoteOverride
{
    // components of "remote" directive (client writes),
    std::string host; // either one of host
    std::string ip;   //   or ip must be defined (or both)
    std::string port;
    std::string proto;
    std::string error; // if non-empty, indicates an error
};

namespace Private {
class ClientState;
};

/**
 * Helper class for OpenVPN clients. Provider helper method to be used with
 * the \sa OpenVPNClient class.
 */
class OpenVPNClientHelper
{
    /* To call parse_config */
    friend class OpenVPNClient;

  public:
    OpenVPNClientHelper();

    ~OpenVPNClientHelper();

    OpenVPNClientHelper(OpenVPNClientHelper &) = delete;

    // Read an OpenVPN profile that might contain external
    // file references, returning a unified profile.
    MergeConfig merge_config(const std::string &path, bool follow_references);

    // Read an OpenVPN profile that might contain external
    // file references, returning a unified profile.
    MergeConfig merge_config_string(const std::string &config_content);

    // Parse profile and determine needed credentials statically.
    EvalConfig eval_config(const Config &config);

    // Maximum size of profile that should be allowed
    static long max_profile_size();

    // Parse a dynamic challenge cookie, placing the result in dc.
    // Return true on success or false if parse error.
    static bool parse_dynamic_challenge(const std::string &cookie, DynamicChallenge &dc);

    // Do a crypto library self test
    std::string crypto_self_test();

    // Returns platform description string
    static std::string platform();

    // Returns core copyright
    static std::string copyright();

  private:
    static MergeConfig build_merge_config(const ProfileMerge &);

    static void parse_config(const Config &, EvalConfig &, OptionList &);

    /* including initprocess.hpp here break since it pulls in logging
     * (OPENVPN_LOG) which not setup when including this header, so break that
     * cycle here with a pointer instead a normal member, std::unique_ptr
     * and std::unique_ptr because they still need to have the initprocess.hpp
     * included in the same compilation unit which breaks in the swig wrapped
     * class, so we use a plain pointer and new/delete in constructor/destructor */
    InitProcess::Init *init;
};

// Top-level OpenVPN client class.
class OpenVPNClient : public TunBuilderBase,             // expose tun builder virtual methods
                      public LogReceiver,                // log message notification
                      public ExternalTun::Factory,       // low-level tun override
                      public ExternalTransport::Factory, // low-level transport override
                      private ExternalPKIBase
{
  public:
    OpenVPNClient();
    virtual ~OpenVPNClient();

    // Parse OpenVPN configuration file.
    EvalConfig eval_config(const Config &);

    // Provide credentials and other options.  Call before connect().
    Status provide_creds(const ProvideCreds &);

    // Callback to "protect" a socket from being routed through the tunnel.
    // Will be called from the thread executing connect().
    // The remote and ipv6 are the remote host this socket will connect to
    virtual bool socket_protect(openvpn_io::detail::socket_type socket, std::string remote, bool ipv6);

    // Primary VPN client connect method, doesn't return until disconnect.
    // Should be called by a worker thread.  This method will make callbacks
    // to event() and log() functions.  Make sure to call eval_config()
    // and possibly provide_creds() as well before this function.
    Status connect();

    // Return information about the most recent connection.  Should be called
    // after an event of type "CONNECTED".
    ConnectionInfo connection_info();

    // Writes current session token to tok and returns true.
    // If session token is unavailable, false is returned and
    // tok is unmodified.
    bool session_token(SessionToken &tok);

    // Stop the client.  Only meaningful when connect() is running.
    // May be called asynchronously from a different thread
    // when connect() is running.
    void stop();

    // Pause the client -- useful to avoid continuous reconnection attempts
    // when network is down.  May be called from a different thread
    // when connect() is running.
    void pause(const std::string &reason);

    // Resume the client after it has been paused.  May be called from a
    // different thread when connect() is running.
    void resume();

    // Do a disconnect/reconnect cycle n seconds from now.  May be called
    // from a different thread when connect() is running.
    void reconnect(int seconds);

    // When a connection is close to timeout, the core will call this
    // method.  If it returns false, the core will disconnect with a
    // CONNECTION_TIMEOUT event.  If true, the core will enter a PAUSE
    // state.
    virtual bool pause_on_connection_timeout() = 0;

    // Get stats/error info.  May be called from a different thread
    // when connect() is running.

    // number of stats
    static int stats_n();

    // return a stats name, index should be >= 0 and < stats_n()
    static std::string stats_name(int index);

    // return a stats value, index should be >= 0 and < stats_n()
    long long stats_value(int index) const;

    // return all stats in a bundle
    std::vector<long long> stats_bundle() const;

    // return tun stats only
    InterfaceStats tun_stats() const;

    // return transport stats only
    TransportStats transport_stats() const;

    // post control channel message
    void post_cc_msg(const std::string &msg);

    // send custom app control channel message
    void send_app_control_channel_msg(const std::string &protocol, const std::string &msg);
    /**
      @brief Start up the cert check handshake using the given certs and key
      @param client_cert String containing the properly encoded client certificate
      @param clientkey String containing the properly encoded private key for \p client_cert
      @param ca Optional string containing the properly encoded authority

      This function forwards to ClientProto::Session::start_acc_certcheck, which sets up the
      session ACC certcheck TLS handshake object. Every time this function is called the state of
      the handshake object will be reset and the handshake will be restarted.
    */
    void start_cert_check(const std::string &client_cert,
                          const std::string &clientkey,
                          const std::optional<const std::string> &ca = std::nullopt,
                          bool disableTLS13 = false);

    /**
      @brief Start up the cert check handshake using the given epki_alias string
      @param alias     string containing the epki used for callbacks for certificate and signing operations
      @param ca Optional string containing the properly encoded authority

      This function forwards to ClientProto::Session::start_acc_certcheck, which sets up the
      session ACC certcheck TLS handshake object. Every time this function is called the state of
      the handshake object will be reset and the handshake will be restarted.
    */
    void start_cert_check_epki(const std::string &alias, const std::optional<const std::string> &ca, bool disableTLS13 = false);

    // Callback for delivering events during connect() call.
    // Will be called from the thread executing connect().
    // Will also deliver custom message from the server like AUTH_PENDING AUTH
    // events and custom control message events
    virtual void event(const Event &) = 0;

    // Call for delivering event from app custom control channel
    virtual void acc_event(const AppCustomControlMessageEvent &) = 0;

    // Callback for logging.
    // Will be called from the thread executing connect().
    virtual void log(const LogInfo &) override = 0;

    // External PKI callbacks
    // Will be called from the thread executing connect().
    virtual void external_pki_cert_request(ExternalPKICertRequest &) = 0;
    virtual void external_pki_sign_request(ExternalPKISignRequest &) = 0;

    // Remote override callback (disabled by default).
    virtual bool remote_override_enabled();
    virtual void remote_override(RemoteOverride &);

    // Periodic convenience clock tick, controlled by Config::clockTickMS
    virtual void clock_tick();

    // Hide protected methods/data from SWIG
#ifdef SWIGJAVA
  private:
#else
  protected:
#endif

    Status do_connect();

    virtual void connect_attach();
    virtual void connect_pre_run();
    virtual void connect_run();
    virtual void connect_session_stop();

    virtual Stop *get_async_stop();

    Private::ClientState *state;

  private:
    void connect_setup(Status &, bool &);
    void do_connect_async();
    static Status status_from_exception(const std::exception &);
    void parse_extras(const Config &, EvalConfig &);
    void external_pki_error(const ExternalPKIRequestBase &, const size_t);
    void process_epki_cert_chain(const ExternalPKICertRequest &);

    friend class MyClientEvents;
    void on_disconnect();

    // from ExternalPKIBase
    bool sign(const std::string &alias,
              const std::string &data,
              std::string &sig,
              const std::string &algorithm,
              const std::string &hashalg,
              const std::string &saltlen) override;

    // disable copy and assignment
    OpenVPNClient(const OpenVPNClient &) = delete;
    OpenVPNClient &operator=(const OpenVPNClient &) = delete;
};

} // namespace ClientAPI
} // namespace openvpn